Question 1

Are any goods exempt from GST when transported by a GTA?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Transport by a GTA of agricultural produce, milk, salt and foodgrains including flours and pulses, organic manure, newspapers and magazines registered with the Registrar of Newspapers, relief materials for victims of calamities, and defence or military equipment is exempt regardless of freight value. Note that the older exemptions for small consignments, Rs.1,500 for a full truckload and Rs.750 for a single consignee, were withdrawn with effect from 18 July 2022, so ordinary cargo enjoys no value-based relief now. Transporters serving agricultural markets should describe the produce accurately on the consignment note to support the exemption.

Question 2

My customer in Mumbai asked me to deliver goods directly to his buyer in Ekkattuthangal. How do I bill this?

Accepted Answer

This is a bill-to ship-to transaction under Section 10(1)(b). When goods are delivered to a third party on the instruction of your customer, the law deems your customer's principal place of business as the place of supply, not the actual delivery point. So you invoice the Mumbai customer with IGST even though the goods physically moved within Tamil Nadu, and the Mumbai customer raises a second invoice on the ultimate recipient in Ekkattuthangal. Only one e-way bill is needed for the movement, generated by either party with both invoice legs captured. Wrongly billing the delivery-point state is a classic error that misplaces the credit chain entirely.

Question 3

What is the penalty for running a business without GST registration?

Accepted Answer

A taxable person who is liable to register but fails to do so faces a penalty of Rs.10,000 or the amount of tax evaded, whichever is higher, under Section 122 of the CGST Act. Beyond the penalty, the department can demand the tax for the entire unregistered period with interest at 18 percent per annum, and you cannot recover that tax from customers you billed without GST. Goods moved without registration and e-way bills, required for consignments above Rs.50,000, also risk detention. If your turnover has crossed the threshold, registering within thirty days is far cheaper than regularising later.

Question 4

Is the late fee charged on delayed returns the same thing as a penalty?

Accepted Answer

No, they are legally distinct. Late fee under Section 47 is an automatic, fixed daily charge for filing a return after its due date, computed by the portal and payable in cash before the return is accepted; no officer discretion or notice is involved. Penalty, under provisions such as Sections 122 to 125, is imposed through adjudication for specified offences, requires a show cause notice and hearing, and can be contested or reduced. Interest under Section 50 is a third, separate levy compensating for delayed payment. A delayed return with tax due can therefore attract all three simultaneously, each on its own footing.

Question 5

Why is there GST on an under-construction flat but not on a ready-to-move one?

Accepted Answer

Construction of an apartment intended for sale is a supply of service only when any part of the consideration is received before the completion certificate is issued or before first occupation. Such under-construction sales attract 1 percent for affordable residential apartments and 5 percent for other residential apartments, both without input tax credit to the builder. Once the completion certificate is issued, sale of the building is neither a supply of goods nor of services under Schedule III, so a ready-to-move flat carries no GST at all, only stamp duty and registration charges. Timing of booking therefore changes the buyer's cost materially.

Question 6

What is the difference between the electronic cash ledger and the electronic credit ledger?

Accepted Answer

The electronic cash ledger reflects actual money you have deposited through challans, plus TDS and TCS credits you have accepted; it can pay tax, interest, penalty, late fee and any other amount. The electronic credit ledger reflects input tax credit claimed through your returns, and it can be used only for paying output tax, never for interest, penalty or late fee. Both are visible under Services, then Ledgers, after login. Refund of an excess cash balance is possible, while credit is refundable only in specified cases such as exports and inverted duty structure.

Question 7

How do I register my DSC on the GST portal, and why does the emSigner error keep appearing?

Accepted Answer

After logging in, open My Profile and select Register or Update DSC, choose the authorised signatory's PAN, and sign with the USB token; the certificate must be Class 3 and the PAN on it must match the signatory's PAN on the portal. Signing requires the emSigner utility running in the background, and the common failure to establish connection error means emSigner is not started, is blocked by the browser, or another application occupies its port. Run emSigner as administrator, keep the token connected, and use the trusted-site settings the portal recommends. We troubleshoot DSC issues for Ekkattuthangal companies routinely; call +91 - 9600 606 444.

Question 8

Our small lodge in Ekkattuthangal gets bookings through online travel apps. Who pays the GST?

Accepted Answer

It depends on your registration status. If the lodge is registered, you charge GST on the accommodation and the platform collects TCS on payments routed through it, which you claim back on the portal. If the lodge is not liable to be registered, the law shifts the liability to the e-commerce operator itself under Section 9(5), so the app pays the tax on accommodation booked through it and the small lodge need not register merely because it lists online. Direct walk-in business remains within your threshold computation. Keep the platform agreements and statements, since they determine who reported the tax.

Question 9

How do I decide whether to charge CGST plus SGST or IGST on an invoice?

Accepted Answer

Compare two data points: the location of the supplier and the place of supply determined under the IGST Act. If both fall in the same state, the supply is intra-state and you charge CGST plus SGST; if they fall in different states, it is inter-state and you charge IGST. The buyer's billing address alone is not the test; the place of supply rules for the specific goods or service govern. Common traps include hotel stays, property-linked services and bill-to ship-to chains, where the place of supply departs from the customer's address. Configuring these rules in your billing software saves Ekkattuthangal businesses repeated corrections; call +91 - 9600 606 444 for a setup review.

Question 10

How is the place of supply decided when I sell goods?

Accepted Answer

Section 10 of the IGST Act gives the tests. Where the sale involves movement of goods, the place of supply is the location where the movement terminates for delivery to the recipient, whoever arranges the transport. Where there is no movement, it is the location of the goods at the time of delivery, which covers over-the-counter sales and sales of installed machinery in place. Where goods are assembled or installed at site, the place of supply is the site of installation. Getting this right decides whether you charge CGST plus SGST or IGST, and a Ekkattuthangal seller delivering to a Bengaluru buyer charges IGST because delivery terminates in Karnataka.

Question 11

Which food items became completely tax-free under GST 2.0?

Accepted Answer

From 22 September 2025, UHT milk, pre-packaged and labelled paneer and chena, and all Indian breads including roti, chapati, paratha and khakhra attract nil GST. In the pharma space, thirty-three notified lifesaving drugs and medicines for cancer and rare diseases also moved to nil rate. Remember that selling nil-rated goods still has compliance effects: you issue a bill of supply instead of a tax invoice for such items, and input tax credit attributable to nil-rated supplies must be reversed proportionately under Rules 42 and 43. Grocery retailers in Ekkattuthangal commonly need help splitting mixed billing correctly.

Question 12

What are the GST rates on gold, silver and diamond jewellery?

Accepted Answer

The special rates on precious metals were retained in the GST 2.0 restructuring. Gold, silver and articles of jewellery attract 3 percent GST, rough and unworked diamonds attract 0.25 percent, and jewellery making charges billed separately attract 5 percent. When a jeweller bills a customer, the metal value and making charges can appear as separate line items with their respective rates on the same tax invoice. Old gold purchased from an unregistered customer in exchange transactions does not attract GST in the customer's hands, but valuation of the net supply must be documented carefully.

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