Question 1

What falls under the 18 percent standard rate of GST now?

Accepted Answer

The 18 percent slab is the standard rate for most services and for goods that are neither essentials nor demerit items. Notably, several products that earlier suffered 28 percent moved down to 18 percent from 22 September 2025: air conditioners, televisions of all sizes, dishwashers, cement, small cars and motorcycles up to 350cc, and most auto parts. Apparel and footwear priced above Rs.2,500 per piece also fall at 18 percent. Most professional, business support and repair services billed by professional firms continue at 18 percent with full input tax credit.

Question 2

My footwear shop sells chappals at Rs.300 and shoes at Rs.4,000 on the same bill. How do I invoice this?

Accepted Answer

One invoice can comfortably carry both rates. Each pair is tested against the Rs.2,500 sale-value threshold independently, so the chappals are billed at 5% and the Rs.4,000 shoes at 18%, as separate line items under their footwear HSN codes in Chapter 64. Your GSTR-1 HSN summary will then show turnover split across the two rates. Ensure the billing software picks the rate from the item price automatically rather than from a fixed product master, because the same article sold at different price points can legitimately fall in different slabs. A quick POS configuration check prevents months of wrong-rate billing; call +91 - 9600 606 444 to arrange one.

Question 3

If I open a bulk bag and sell rice loose by weight, is that sale taxable?

Accepted Answer

No. The 5% levy on specified food items applies only when they are supplied in pre-packaged and labelled form in packs up to 25 kilograms. When a retailer opens bulk stock and weighs out loose quantities against each customer's order, the supply is not of a pre-packaged commodity, so it remains exempt. What you cannot do is sell an intact labelled retail pack and bill it as loose. Keep purchase records showing bulk procurement and maintain the loose counter separately from the packed shelf, because officers test this distinction during inspections of grocery businesses. When in doubt on a product, call +91 - 9600 606 444.

Question 4

How do I track the status of a grievance ticket or any ARN I have on the GST portal?

Accepted Answer

For grievance tickets, open selfservice.gstsystem.in and use Check Status by entering the ticket reference number; the screen shows whether it is open, under processing or resolved, with the resolution comments. For applications filed on the main portal, log in and use Services, then Track Application Status, choosing the module and entering the ARN, or open My Applications to see every application with its case detail folder, notices and replies in one place. Diarise every ARN the day it is generated, because reply windows run from portal timestamps. ChennaiGST maintains an ARN tracker for every client engagement.

Question 5

Our small lodge in Perambur gets bookings through online travel apps. Who pays the GST?

Accepted Answer

It depends on your registration status. If the lodge is registered, you charge GST on the accommodation and the platform collects TCS on payments routed through it, which you claim back on the portal. If the lodge is not liable to be registered, the law shifts the liability to the e-commerce operator itself under Section 9(5), so the app pays the tax on accommodation booked through it and the small lodge need not register merely because it lists online. Direct walk-in business remains within your threshold computation. Keep the platform agreements and statements, since they determine who reported the tax.

Question 6

Can one invoice contain items taxed at different GST rates?

Accepted Answer

Yes, there is no requirement to issue separate invoices per rate. A single tax invoice can carry multiple line items, each with its own HSN code, taxable value, rate and tax amount, and the totals section simply aggregates the tax rate-wise. A hardware store in Perambur can bill cement at 18 percent and certain tools at 5 percent on one document. What matters is that each line is classified and taxed correctly, and that mixed baskets are not collapsed into one rate. Be careful with genuine composite supplies, where one principal supply drives a single rate; that is a classification question, not an invoicing one.

Question 7

What documents must I prepare for reverse charge purchases from unregistered suppliers?

Accepted Answer

Two documents are required. First, a self-invoice: Section 31(3)(f) obliges you to issue an invoice on yourself for goods or services received from an unregistered supplier on which you pay tax under reverse charge, and under Rule 47A this self-invoice must be issued within thirty days of receiving the supply. Second, a payment voucher under Rule 52 at the time of making payment to the supplier. The self-invoice is the document on which you claim the input tax credit of the reverse charge tax paid. Freight from unregistered transporters and advocate fees are typical cases where businesses miss this paperwork.

Question 8

Who must sign GST filings with a DSC, and who can use EVC?

Accepted Answer

Companies and limited liability partnerships must authenticate registration applications and returns with a Digital Signature Certificate of the authorised signatory; the Electronic Verification Code route is not ordinarily available to them, though the government has periodically allowed EVC for companies during specified relaxation windows. Proprietorships, partnerships, HUFs and trusts can freely use EVC, an OTP sent to the authorised signatory's registered mobile and email. The DSC must be a Class 3 signature registered on the portal against the signatory's PAN. If a company's filings fail at the signing step, an expired or unregistered DSC is the usual culprit.

Question 9

I have taken a house on rent and I am GST registered. Does reverse charge hit my house rent?

Accepted Answer

Only in defined situations. From 18 July 2022, renting of a residential dwelling to a registered person attracts 18 percent under reverse charge in the tenant's hands. However, where a registered proprietor rents the dwelling in a personal capacity for use as his own residence, and on his own account rather than for the business, the exemption applies and no tax arises. If a company takes a flat as a guest house or for employee accommodation, RCM applies, and note that ITC on such rent may face challenge as a personal consumption expense. Document the purpose of the tenancy in the rent agreement so the correct treatment is defensible.

Question 10

What are the GST rates on gold, silver and diamond jewellery?

Accepted Answer

The special rates on precious metals were retained in the GST 2.0 restructuring. Gold, silver and articles of jewellery attract 3 percent GST, rough and unworked diamonds attract 0.25 percent, and jewellery making charges billed separately attract 5 percent. When a jeweller bills a customer, the metal value and making charges can appear as separate line items with their respective rates on the same tax invoice. Old gold purchased from an unregistered customer in exchange transactions does not attract GST in the customer's hands, but valuation of the net supply must be documented carefully.

Question 11

What is the penalty for running a business without GST registration?

Accepted Answer

A taxable person who is liable to register but fails to do so faces a penalty of Rs.10,000 or the amount of tax evaded, whichever is higher, under Section 122 of the CGST Act. Beyond the penalty, the department can demand the tax for the entire unregistered period with interest at 18 percent per annum, and you cannot recover that tax from customers you billed without GST. Goods moved without registration and e-way bills, required for consignments above Rs.50,000, also risk detention. If your turnover has crossed the threshold, registering within thirty days is far cheaper than regularising later.

Question 12

What is the electronic liability register on the GST portal and why should I check it?

Accepted Answer

The electronic liability register, maintained in Form PMT-01, records every liability raised against your GSTIN: self-assessed tax from returns in Part I, and demands from assessments, adjudication orders and DRC-07 summaries in Part II. Payments and pre-deposits are set off against these entries. You can view it under Services, then Ledgers. Checking Part II periodically matters because demand entries you never noticed can trigger recovery, interest accumulation and refund adjustments. During any refund claim, the officer will offset outstanding register balances, so a clean register speeds up your money. We review all three ledgers in every Perambur health check.

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The Current Law on This Service — relevant to Perambur businesses

Registration provisions of the CGST Act switched on from 22 June 2017

CBIC answers on what counts as pre-packaged and labelled

Printing leaflets on the printer's own paper attracts 18 percent

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