Question 1

What is the penalty for running a business without GST registration?

Accepted Answer

A taxable person who is liable to register but fails to do so faces a penalty of Rs.10,000 or the amount of tax evaded, whichever is higher, under Section 122 of the CGST Act. Beyond the penalty, the department can demand the tax for the entire unregistered period with interest at 18 percent per annum, and you cannot recover that tax from customers you billed without GST. Goods moved without registration and e-way bills, required for consignments above Rs.50,000, also risk detention. If your turnover has crossed the threshold, registering within thirty days is far cheaper than regularising later.

Question 2

Which daily-use grocery items became cheaper under GST from September 2025?

Accepted Answer

The 56th GST Council's rationalisation, effective 22 September 2025, moved a large basket of daily essentials from 12% or 18% down to 5%, including butter, ghee, cheese, namkeens, sauces, pasta, chocolates, biscuits, cornflakes, hair oil, shampoo, soaps and toothpaste. UHT milk, pre-packaged paneer and all Indian breads such as roti, chapati and paratha became nil rated. Aerated and caffeinated beverages, by contrast, went to the 40% demerit rate. Grocery and supermarket billing masters needed a near-complete refresh from that date, and old stock is simply sold at the new rate applicable on the date of supply.

Question 3

Is GST applicable on rent for my shop or office premises?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Renting of commercial property such as shops, offices, godowns and industrial sheds is a taxable supply of services at 18 percent, charged by the landlord under forward charge once the landlord's aggregate turnover, including this rent, crosses Rs.20 lakh. The tenant, if registered and using the premises for business, can claim the GST as input tax credit, since renting is not a blocked credit. Landlords with several small commercial properties often cross the threshold without realising it, because rent from all properties on the same PAN is clubbed. A yearly turnover check protects against retrospective demands.

Question 4

Why are so many businesses suddenly receiving GST notices these days?

Accepted Answer

Enforcement has shifted from manual selection to data analytics. The portal now automatically compares GSTR-1 with GSTR-3B and flags tax shortfalls through DRC-01B intimations under Rule 88C, and compares GSTR-2B with GSTR-3B to flag excess ITC through DRC-01C under Rule 88D. E-way bill, e-invoice, TDS and income tax data are also cross-matched, and limitation deadlines for older financial years have pushed departments to clear pending demands in batches. The practical lesson for Ullagaram businesses is that mismatches no longer go unnoticed, so month-wise reconciliation before filing is now essential hygiene rather than a year-end exercise.

Question 5

How do I decide whether to charge CGST plus SGST or IGST on an invoice?

Accepted Answer

Compare two data points: the location of the supplier and the place of supply determined under the IGST Act. If both fall in the same state, the supply is intra-state and you charge CGST plus SGST; if they fall in different states, it is inter-state and you charge IGST. The buyer's billing address alone is not the test; the place of supply rules for the specific goods or service govern. Common traps include hotel stays, property-linked services and bill-to ship-to chains, where the place of supply departs from the customer's address. Configuring these rules in your billing software saves Ullagaram businesses repeated corrections; call +91 - 9600 606 444 for a setup review.

Question 6

Which everyday goods now attract 5 percent GST?

Accepted Answer

The 5 percent slab now covers most household essentials that earlier fell in the 12 or 18 percent brackets: soaps, shampoos, toothpaste and toothbrushes, hair oil, bicycles, kitchen utensils and tableware. Packaged foods such as butter, ghee, cheese, namkeens, sauces, pasta, biscuits and chocolates are also at 5 percent, as are most medicines, medical devices and agricultural machinery. Apparel and footwear priced up to Rs.2,500 per piece attract 5 percent as well. Retailers in Ullagaram should update billing software rate masters item by item rather than assuming old rates continue.

Question 7

How do I file Form PMT-09 to move money between heads in my cash ledger?

Accepted Answer

Log in and open Services, then Ledgers, then Electronic Cash Ledger, and select File GST PMT-09 for transfer of amount. The screen shows your balance under each major and minor head. Choose the transfer-from head and amount, choose the transfer-to head, add the details to the table, preview and file with DSC or EVC. The transfer reflects in the ledger immediately and an ARN is generated for your records. There is no limit on how often PMT-09 can be filed, and no government fee applies, so it is always the first fix for a wrong-head deposit.

Question 8

I have taken a house on rent and I am GST registered. Does reverse charge hit my house rent?

Accepted Answer

Only in defined situations. From 18 July 2022, renting of a residential dwelling to a registered person attracts 18 percent under reverse charge in the tenant's hands. However, where a registered proprietor rents the dwelling in a personal capacity for use as his own residence, and on his own account rather than for the business, the exemption applies and no tax arises. If a company takes a flat as a guest house or for employee accommodation, RCM applies, and note that ITC on such rent may face challenge as a personal consumption expense. Document the purpose of the tenancy in the rent agreement so the correct treatment is defensible.

Question 9

Where is the place of supply for services connected to a building or land?

Accepted Answer

Services directly relating to immovable property, including those of architects, interior decorators, engineers, surveyors, construction and works contract services, renting, and accommodation in hotels, are supplied where the property is located, under Section 12(3). The recipient's location and registration are irrelevant. So a Ullagaram architect designing a factory in Coimbatore charges CGST plus SGST of Tamil Nadu, but for a project in Kochi the place of supply is Kerala and IGST applies. For hotels, the state where the hotel stands is always the place of supply, which is why accommodation is invariably billed with that state's local taxes regardless of where the guest's business is registered.

Question 10

What falls under the 18 percent standard rate of GST now?

Accepted Answer

The 18 percent slab is the standard rate for most services and for goods that are neither essentials nor demerit items. Notably, several products that earlier suffered 28 percent moved down to 18 percent from 22 September 2025: air conditioners, televisions of all sizes, dishwashers, cement, small cars and motorcycles up to 350cc, and most auto parts. Apparel and footwear priced above Rs.2,500 per piece also fall at 18 percent. Most professional, business support and repair services billed by professional firms continue at 18 percent with full input tax credit.

Question 11

What are the current GST rate slabs after the GST 2.0 changes?

Accepted Answer

From 22 September 2025, following the 56th GST Council meeting, India moved to a simplified two-slab structure: a merit rate of 5 percent and a standard rate of 18 percent. The earlier 12 percent and 28 percent slabs were abolished. A special 40 percent rate applies to a short list of luxury and demerit goods, while the concessional rates of 3 percent on gold and silver and 0.25 percent on rough diamonds continue. Businesses in Ullagaram should re-verify the rate on every product they sell, because hundreds of items changed slabs on that date.

Question 12

By when must I issue a tax invoice when I sell goods?

Accepted Answer

For goods, Section 31 requires the tax invoice to be issued before or at the time of removal of the goods, where the supply involves movement, or before or at the time of delivery or making the goods available in other cases. In simple terms, the invoice must travel with the goods; a lorry leaving your Ullagaram godown without an invoice is exposed to detention even if the e-way bill exists. For continuous supplies of goods with successive statements or payments, the invoice must be issued when each statement is issued or each payment is received.

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