Question 1

What are the rules for numbering GST invoices?

Accepted Answer

The invoice serial number must be consecutive, must not exceed sixteen characters, and may contain alphabets, numerals and the special characters hyphen and slash, in one or multiple series. Each number must be unique for a financial year, so most businesses restart their series every April with a year prefix such as 2026-27/001. Gaps in a series invite questions during audit because officers may suspect unreported invoices, and cancelled invoice numbers should be retained in records with the cancelled copy. The document series you use must also be declared in Table 13 of GSTR-1 each period.

Question 2

I deposited money under the wrong head in my GST cash ledger. Why can the amount not be used?

Accepted Answer

The cash ledger is divided into major heads, IGST, CGST, SGST and cess, and minor heads, tax, interest, penalty, fee and others. An amount deposited under one combination, say CGST-penalty, cannot be directly used to pay under another, say IGST-tax, which is why your balance appears unusable despite money lying in the ledger. The remedy is Form PMT-09, which transfers the amount to the correct head instantly without any officer approval. Many Puzhuthivakkam taxpayers wrongly deposit a fresh challan in this situation; a two-minute PMT-09 filing saves that duplication. Call +91 - 9600 606 444 if your ledger looks stuck.

Question 3

Why is there GST on an under-construction flat but not on a ready-to-move one?

Accepted Answer

Construction of an apartment intended for sale is a supply of service only when any part of the consideration is received before the completion certificate is issued or before first occupation. Such under-construction sales attract 1 percent for affordable residential apartments and 5 percent for other residential apartments, both without input tax credit to the builder. Once the completion certificate is issued, sale of the building is neither a supply of goods nor of services under Schedule III, so a ready-to-move flat carries no GST at all, only stamp duty and registration charges. Timing of booking therefore changes the buyer's cost materially.

Question 4

Our company paid fees to a lawyer. Who pays the GST on this?

Accepted Answer

You do, as the recipient. Legal services supplied by an individual advocate, a firm of advocates or a senior advocate to a business entity are notified under Section 9(3), so the advocate does not charge GST and your business pays 18 percent under reverse charge in cash through GSTR-3B, claiming it back as ITC if otherwise eligible. Relief exists for small recipients: legal services to a business entity whose turnover is within the registration threshold are exempt. Since the advocate is usually unregistered, remember to raise a self-invoice and payment voucher for the transaction. Litigation-heavy businesses in Puzhuthivakkam should reconcile their legal expense ledger against RCM paid every quarter.

Question 5

Which goods and services attract the new 40 percent GST rate?

Accepted Answer

The 40 percent rate is confined to luxury and demerit supplies. It covers aerated waters, caffeinated and other sugary carbonated beverages, large cars beyond the small-car specifications, motorcycles above 350cc, yachts, personal aircraft, and specified actionable claims such as betting, casinos and online money gaming. Pan masala and tobacco products continue under their earlier levy structure until the compensation cess obligations are discharged, after which they move to the 40 percent rate as notified. If your business deals in any of these lines, pricing and working capital need careful planning.

Question 6

What is the GST rate for salons, gyms and yoga centres?

Accepted Answer

From 22 September 2025, beauty and physical well-being services, covering salons, barbers, beauty parlours, gyms, fitness centres and yoga institutes, attract 5 percent GST without input tax credit, reduced from the earlier 18 percent. The condition attached to the concessional rate is important: because credit is barred, the GST paid on your rent, equipment, cosmetics and consumables becomes part of your cost base. Service businesses in Puzhuthivakkam moving to the 5 percent rate should reprice services keeping this embedded tax in mind, and must not continue charging 18 percent, since excess tax collected has to be deposited with the government.

Question 7

Who must sign GST filings with a DSC, and who can use EVC?

Accepted Answer

Companies and limited liability partnerships must authenticate registration applications and returns with a Digital Signature Certificate of the authorised signatory; the Electronic Verification Code route is not ordinarily available to them, though the government has periodically allowed EVC for companies during specified relaxation windows. Proprietorships, partnerships, HUFs and trusts can freely use EVC, an OTP sent to the authorised signatory's registered mobile and email. The DSC must be a Class 3 signature registered on the portal against the signatory's PAN. If a company's filings fail at the signing step, an expired or unregistered DSC is the usual culprit.

Question 8

Is GST payable on my YouTube AdSense earnings?

Accepted Answer

AdSense payments come from a Google entity located outside India and are remitted in convertible foreign exchange, so for an Indian creator this revenue generally qualifies as export of services, zero-rated when supplied under an LUT after registration. The income still counts towards your Rs.20 lakh aggregate turnover, so a creator whose combined receipts cross the threshold must register even if the entire revenue is export. Brand sponsorships from Indian companies, by contrast, are domestic supplies taxable at 18 percent. Keep the remittance advices safely, as they establish the forex receipt if you later claim a refund of input tax credit.

Question 9

What is the place of supply for freight and courier charges on goods?

Accepted Answer

For transportation of goods, including by courier, Section 12(8) fixes the place of supply as the location of the recipient where the recipient is registered. Where the recipient is unregistered, it is the location where the goods are handed over for transportation. So a registered Puzhuthivakkam manufacturer paying a transporter for a Chennai-to-Delhi movement has Tamil Nadu as the place of supply, and the RCM liability is paid as CGST plus SGST if the transporter is also in Tamil Nadu. This rule matters chiefly for paying reverse charge on GTA freight under the correct heads, because paying IGST where CGST and SGST were due creates a refund-and-repay exercise later.

Question 10

What documents must I prepare for reverse charge purchases from unregistered suppliers?

Accepted Answer

Two documents are required. First, a self-invoice: Section 31(3)(f) obliges you to issue an invoice on yourself for goods or services received from an unregistered supplier on which you pay tax under reverse charge, and under Rule 47A this self-invoice must be issued within thirty days of receiving the supply. Second, a payment voucher under Rule 52 at the time of making payment to the supplier. The self-invoice is the document on which you claim the input tax credit of the reverse charge tax paid. Freight from unregistered transporters and advocate fees are typical cases where businesses miss this paperwork.

Question 11

Is there really a penalty for not displaying my GST number at my shop?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Rule 18 of the CGST Rules requires every registered person to display the registration certificate in a prominent location at the principal place of business and every additional place, and to display the GSTIN on the name board at the entry of each such premises. There is no separate penalty provision for this lapse, so officers invoke the general penalty under Section 125, which can extend to Rs.25,000 under CGST with a matching state penalty. Inspection teams visiting Puzhuthivakkam markets routinely check name boards first, so a few hundred rupees of signage is the cheapest compliance in the entire GST law.

Question 12

The GST rate on my product changed. Which rate applies to pending orders and invoices?

Accepted Answer

Section 14 of the CGST Act decides this by looking at three events: the date of supply, the date of invoice and the date of payment. Broadly, if any two of the three events fall after the rate change, the new rate applies; if two fall before, the old rate applies. So goods delivered in Puzhuthivakkam before 22 September 2025 but invoiced and paid for afterwards attract the new rate, while goods delivered and invoiced earlier keep the old rate even if payment came later. Document dates carefully during any transition window, because officers test these invoices in scrutiny.

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