Question 1

What are the GST rates on gold, silver and diamond jewellery?

Accepted Answer

The special rates on precious metals were retained in the GST 2.0 restructuring. Gold, silver and articles of jewellery attract 3 percent GST, rough and unworked diamonds attract 0.25 percent, and jewellery making charges billed separately attract 5 percent. When a jeweller bills a customer, the metal value and making charges can appear as separate line items with their respective rates on the same tax invoice. Old gold purchased from an unregistered customer in exchange transactions does not attract GST in the customer's hands, but valuation of the net supply must be documented carefully.

Question 2

How do I file Form PMT-09 to move money between heads in my cash ledger?

Accepted Answer

Log in and open Services, then Ledgers, then Electronic Cash Ledger, and select File GST PMT-09 for transfer of amount. The screen shows your balance under each major and minor head. Choose the transfer-from head and amount, choose the transfer-to head, add the details to the table, preview and file with DSC or EVC. The transfer reflects in the ledger immediately and an ARN is generated for your records. There is no limit on how often PMT-09 can be filed, and no government fee applies, so it is always the first fix for a wrong-head deposit.

Question 3

Can one document cover both taxable and exempt items sold together?

Accepted Answer

Yes, in one specific situation. Rule 46A permits a registered person supplying both taxable and exempt goods or services to an unregistered recipient to issue a single invoice-cum-bill of supply covering the entire transaction. This saves retail counters from splitting every mixed basket into two documents. The concession applies only when the buyer is unregistered; for a registered buyer, you must still issue a tax invoice for the taxable items and a separate bill of supply for the exempt items. Supermarkets and pharmacies with mixed inventories use this format daily, and billing software handles the split automatically once configured.

Question 4

By when must I issue a tax invoice when I sell goods?

Accepted Answer

For goods, Section 31 requires the tax invoice to be issued before or at the time of removal of the goods, where the supply involves movement, or before or at the time of delivery or making the goods available in other cases. In simple terms, the invoice must travel with the goods; a lorry leaving your Madhavaram godown without an invoice is exposed to detention even if the e-way bill exists. For continuous supplies of goods with successive statements or payments, the invoice must be issued when each statement is issued or each payment is received.

Question 5

What is the penalty for running a business without GST registration?

Accepted Answer

A taxable person who is liable to register but fails to do so faces a penalty of Rs.10,000 or the amount of tax evaded, whichever is higher, under Section 122 of the CGST Act. Beyond the penalty, the department can demand the tax for the entire unregistered period with interest at 18 percent per annum, and you cannot recover that tax from customers you billed without GST. Goods moved without registration and e-way bills, required for consignments above Rs.50,000, also risk detention. If your turnover has crossed the threshold, registering within thirty days is far cheaper than regularising later.

Question 6

Who must sign GST filings with a DSC, and who can use EVC?

Accepted Answer

Companies and limited liability partnerships must authenticate registration applications and returns with a Digital Signature Certificate of the authorised signatory; the Electronic Verification Code route is not ordinarily available to them, though the government has periodically allowed EVC for companies during specified relaxation windows. Proprietorships, partnerships, HUFs and trusts can freely use EVC, an OTP sent to the authorised signatory's registered mobile and email. The DSC must be a Class 3 signature registered on the portal against the signatory's PAN. If a company's filings fail at the signing step, an expired or unregistered DSC is the usual culprit.

Question 7

What is the place of supply for freight and courier charges on goods?

Accepted Answer

For transportation of goods, including by courier, Section 12(8) fixes the place of supply as the location of the recipient where the recipient is registered. Where the recipient is unregistered, it is the location where the goods are handed over for transportation. So a registered Madhavaram manufacturer paying a transporter for a Chennai-to-Delhi movement has Tamil Nadu as the place of supply, and the RCM liability is paid as CGST plus SGST if the transporter is also in Tamil Nadu. This rule matters chiefly for paying reverse charge on GTA freight under the correct heads, because paying IGST where CGST and SGST were due creates a refund-and-repay exercise later.

Question 8

What is the GST rate for salons, gyms and yoga centres?

Accepted Answer

From 22 September 2025, beauty and physical well-being services, covering salons, barbers, beauty parlours, gyms, fitness centres and yoga institutes, attract 5 percent GST without input tax credit, reduced from the earlier 18 percent. The condition attached to the concessional rate is important: because credit is barred, the GST paid on your rent, equipment, cosmetics and consumables becomes part of your cost base. Service businesses in Madhavaram moving to the 5 percent rate should reprice services keeping this embedded tax in mind, and must not continue charging 18 percent, since excess tax collected has to be deposited with the government.

Question 9

The GST rate on my product changed. Which rate applies to pending orders and invoices?

Accepted Answer

Section 14 of the CGST Act decides this by looking at three events: the date of supply, the date of invoice and the date of payment. Broadly, if any two of the three events fall after the rate change, the new rate applies; if two fall before, the old rate applies. So goods delivered in Madhavaram before 22 September 2025 but invoiced and paid for afterwards attract the new rate, while goods delivered and invoiced earlier keep the old rate even if payment came later. Document dates carefully during any transition window, because officers test these invoices in scrutiny.

Question 10

What is the GST treatment for an event management company handling corporate events?

Accepted Answer

Event management services attract 18 percent with full input tax credit. Place of supply rules deserve attention: for organising an event for a registered client, the place of supply is the client's location, so a Chennai company organising a Goa offsite for a Bengaluru-registered client charges IGST to Karnataka. For unregistered clients, the place of supply is where the event is actually held. Admission tickets are taxed where the event takes place. Getting the state wrong means the client's credit is jeopardised and the tax may need repayment under the correct head, so event companies serving multi-state clients should map each contract before invoicing.

Question 11

I am a composition dealer. Which returns apply to me and when?

Accepted Answer

Composition taxpayers do not file GSTR-1 or GSTR-3B. Instead, you pay tax every quarter through statement CMP-08, due by the 18th of the month following the quarter, and file one annual return, GSTR-4, by 30 June following the financial year. The scheme is available for turnover up to Rs.1.5 crore for goods, with a separate 6 percent scheme for service providers up to Rs.50 lakh. Missing CMP-08 for consecutive quarters can block your e-way bill facility. Our composition package covers all four CMP-08 filings and the annual GSTR-4 at Rs.999 per year.

Question 12

How is interest calculated on a GST demand or late payment?

Accepted Answer

Interest runs at 18 percent per annum under Section 50 on tax paid after the due date, computed day-wise from the day following the due date until payment. Following amendments, interest on delayed GSTR-3B liability applies on the portion paid through the electronic cash ledger, and interest on wrongly availed ITC arises where the credit has been both availed and utilised. Interest is payable even where no penalty applies, and it cannot be waived by the officer. Because interest compounds silently over long disputes, paying the admitted tax early through DRC-03, even while contesting the rest, often saves a substantial amount.

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GST Rulings and Notifications That Affect You — relevant to Madhavaram businesses

Printing leaflets on the printer's own paper attracts 18 percent

Registration threshold for suppliers of goods raised to Rs 40 lakh, with states allowed to choose

Supreme Court applies the section notes to classify parts by their end use

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