Question 1

What is the GST rate on a works contract for a commercial building?

Accepted Answer

Under GST, a works contract relating to immovable property is treated wholly as a supply of services, and the standard rate is 18 percent on the contract value, with the contractor eligible for input tax credit on cement, steel and other inputs. This applies to construction, fabrication, erection, repair and renovation contracts for factories, offices and commercial buildings. The old VAT-plus-service-tax splitting of material and labour is gone; one rate applies to the whole consideration. Contractors should also note that free-issue materials supplied by the client can affect valuation, so contract drafting deserves attention before quoting.

Question 2

What are the most common mistakes Chennai businesses make with GST refunds and ITC?

Accepted Answer

The recurring ones we see across Nerkundram are: missing the two-year limitation for RFD-01, mismatches between GSTR-1, GSTR-3B and shipping bill data that stall export refunds, forgetting the April LUT renewal, claiming ITC on invoices absent from GSTR-2B, ignoring blocked credits under Section 17(5), breaching the 180-day supplier payment rule, and treating deficiency memos as rejections instead of refiling within limitation. Each of these is preventable with a simple monthly checklist and a year-end reconciliation. ChennaiGST builds exactly this discipline into its retainer engagements; call +91 - 9600 606 444 if any of these sounds familiar.

Question 3

Can one invoice contain items taxed at different GST rates?

Accepted Answer

Yes, there is no requirement to issue separate invoices per rate. A single tax invoice can carry multiple line items, each with its own HSN code, taxable value, rate and tax amount, and the totals section simply aggregates the tax rate-wise. A hardware store in Nerkundram can bill cement at 18 percent and certain tools at 5 percent on one document. What matters is that each line is classified and taxed correctly, and that mixed baskets are not collapsed into one rate. Be careful with genuine composite supplies, where one principal supply drives a single rate; that is a classification question, not an invoicing one.

Question 4

Our security agency does not charge GST on its bills. Is that correct?

Accepted Answer

Quite possibly, yes. Since 1 January 2019, security services meaning supply of security personnel, when provided by any person other than a body corporate to a registered person, fall under reverse charge, so the agency correctly bills without tax and you pay 18 percent through GSTR-3B in cash, claiming ITC. If your security agency is a private limited company, however, RCM does not apply and it must charge GST on its invoice under forward charge. Composition taxpayers as recipients are excluded from this entry. Confirm the agency's constitution from its PAN, because paying under the wrong mechanism creates trouble for both sides.

Question 5

What is the place of supply for freight and courier charges on goods?

Accepted Answer

For transportation of goods, including by courier, Section 12(8) fixes the place of supply as the location of the recipient where the recipient is registered. Where the recipient is unregistered, it is the location where the goods are handed over for transportation. So a registered Nerkundram manufacturer paying a transporter for a Chennai-to-Delhi movement has Tamil Nadu as the place of supply, and the RCM liability is paid as CGST plus SGST if the transporter is also in Tamil Nadu. This rule matters chiefly for paying reverse charge on GTA freight under the correct heads, because paying IGST where CGST and SGST were due creates a refund-and-repay exercise later.

Question 6

Should I claim a refund of my accumulated ITC or just carry it forward?

Accepted Answer

Carry-forward suits businesses whose future output tax will absorb the credit within a few months, since it avoids refund paperwork. A refund makes sense when the credit keeps growing and will never be absorbed, which is typical for exporters under LUT and businesses with inverted duty structure, because idle credit is interest-free money locked with the government. Remember that refunds are only available in categories permitted by Section 54; ordinary accumulated credit from slow sales cannot be refunded. A quick review of your credit ledger trend over six months usually makes the right answer obvious.

Question 7

Does compensation cess still apply on any goods?

Accepted Answer

For most goods, no. With the rate restructuring of 22 September 2025, compensation cess was discontinued on items such as cars, and the demerit burden was merged into the single 40 percent rate. The cess continues only on pan masala and specified tobacco products during the transition period while past compensation cess loan obligations are being discharged. A practical point for traders: balances of unutilised compensation cess credit cannot be cross-utilised against CGST, SGST or IGST liability, so businesses holding old cess credit should evaluate their position rather than assuming it will set off future tax.

Question 8

Does buying from unregistered dealers attract reverse charge for everyone?

Accepted Answer

No. The general reverse charge on all unregistered purchases under Section 9(4) was never fully implemented and now applies only to notified classes, principally real estate. A promoter must procure at least eighty percent of inputs and input services from registered suppliers for a project; on any shortfall, the promoter pays 18 percent under RCM, and cement purchased from an unregistered dealer attracts RCM at the rate applicable to cement, 18 percent since the September 2025 rate rationalisation reduced it from 28 percent, irrespective of the eighty percent test. Transfer of development rights and long-term leases to promoters are also covered. An ordinary trader or service provider in Nerkundram buying stationery from an unregistered shop has no Section 9(4) liability at all.

Question 9

How do I register my DSC on the GST portal, and why does the emSigner error keep appearing?

Accepted Answer

After logging in, open My Profile and select Register or Update DSC, choose the authorised signatory's PAN, and sign with the USB token; the certificate must be Class 3 and the PAN on it must match the signatory's PAN on the portal. Signing requires the emSigner utility running in the background, and the common failure to establish connection error means emSigner is not started, is blocked by the browser, or another application occupies its port. Run emSigner as administrator, keep the token connected, and use the trusted-site settings the portal recommends. We troubleshoot DSC issues for Nerkundram companies routinely; call +91 - 9600 606 444.

Question 10

Something is malfunctioning on the GST portal. How do I raise a formal grievance ticket?

Accepted Answer

Use the GST Self-Service Grievance Redressal Portal at selfservice.gstsystem.in. Select Report Issue, type a keyword describing the problem, and the system suggests the matching category along with FAQs; if those do not resolve it, proceed to raise the ticket by entering your GSTIN or ARN, contact details and a description, and attach screenshots of the error. A ticket reference number is issued instantly by email and SMS. Raising a ticket also creates a record that the failure was on the system side, which helps later if a deadline was missed because of a portal outage. Our Nerkundram office logs tickets for clients as part of retainer support.

Question 11

Which goods and services attract the new 40 percent GST rate?

Accepted Answer

The 40 percent rate is confined to luxury and demerit supplies. It covers aerated waters, caffeinated and other sugary carbonated beverages, large cars beyond the small-car specifications, motorcycles above 350cc, yachts, personal aircraft, and specified actionable claims such as betting, casinos and online money gaming. Pan masala and tobacco products continue under their earlier levy structure until the compensation cess obligations are discharged, after which they move to the 40 percent rate as notified. If your business deals in any of these lines, pricing and working capital need careful planning.

Question 12

I buy electronics stock from distributors in other states. How does the IGST on purchases work for me?

Accepted Answer

Inter-state purchases carry IGST, which flows into your GSTR-2B once the distributor files GSTR-1, and it is fully available as input tax credit. When you sell locally in Tamil Nadu you charge CGST and SGST, and the law lets you use IGST credit against both, with the portal applying the set-off order automatically. There is no cost disadvantage in buying from out-of-state distributors, provided they are compliant filers; a distributor who files late delays your credit by a month. Track supplier filing discipline as part of vendor selection. Retailers in Nerkundram can call +91 - 9600 606 444 for a supplier compliance scorecard.

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